In the official catalogue of many towns and fortresses of the Venician state, in 1260 ( a catalogue which is found in the archives of Venice, nowadays ) Kalymnos is referred to as Kalamos. Therefore, we have to admit that in 1290, Kalymnos was within the boundaries of the Venician state along with Samos, Kos, Naxos, Astypalia, Rhodes, Karpathos and other islands. It is probable that this occupation started in 1257 and lasted until 1277. In 1278 though, the island of Kalymnos as well as Lesvos, Chios, Samos, Kos and other islands are part of the Byzantine Empire again. Towards the end of the 13th century, Kalymnos is introduced to the piracy of the Genovese and the Venicians who were thought to be the Kalymnian's political rivals.
The beginning of the 14th century signifies the end of the independence of the island. In 1303, the Zacharia brothers, who were the Emperor's Michael Paleologos nephews, extend their authority from the island og Fokea to Chios, Samos and Kos.
The island counts 639 years of foreign regime.
Finally, on 8th May 1945, Kalymnos is independent, while on 7th March 1948 our national liberation is completed.
